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What is a bed? Webster defines it as "a piece of furniture on or in which one may lie and sleep." Most Americans take beds for granted because we just assume that everyone who lived had something comfortable and soft to sleep on. Well, not everyone had a Serta Perfect Sleeper when they were growing up.

"The earliest beds were shallow chests in which the bedding was placed. The first attempt at a soft basis consisted of ropes stretched across a wooden framework." (Bertram, 64.) That does not sound comfortable by today's standards. But to go a step further, read this quote from group of English villagers:

"Our fathers, yea and we ourselves, also have lain full oft upon straw under coverlets made of dogswain or hop harlots and a good round log under their heads instead of a bolster or pillow. If it were so that our fathers or the good man of the house had within sever years after his marriage purchased a mattress or flock bed, and thereto a sack of chaff to rest his head upon, he thought himself to be a well lodged as the lord of the town, that preadventure lay seldom in the bed of down or whole feathers, so well were they content, and with such bare kind of furniture: Pillows were thought meet only for women in childbed. As for servants, if they had any sheet above them, it was well, for seldom had they any under their bodies to keep them from pricking straws that ran oft through the corners of the pallet and raved their hardened hides." (That was taken from a sixteenth century description of a village in Britain.) (Bertram, 65.)

In the late fifteenth century the panelled bed-head was created, and that evolved into the Elizabethan four-poster. Later in the sixteenth century there were truckle beds for which servants or children could sleep in. It is the like the lower portion of a modern day trundle bed which can be shoved under another bed during the daytime. Then there were stump beds which had short posts and no canopy. Moving on to the eighteenth and nineteenth century there were tent beds which were less costly than the four-poster bed. (Bertram, 66.) Then in the early 1900s the low bed generally had a head board and and foot board. There are many other types of beds in between these centuries not mentioned. For more information on the history of beds and other furniture see my list of references.

Before the mid-nineteenth century it was not uncommon to find children sharing beds with their parents or with other children. This practice was being questioned because some doctors thought that it was unhealthy. (Cromley, 125.) There was an increasing trend toward the idea of letting children be children. They have their own identity and so why not accomodate them instead of forcing them to be adults so soon. With these new child psychologies came child sized furniture. (Calvert, 86.) Beds for babies and children were very important in the first two centuries in America. (Ormsbee, 111.) There were cradles and small beds (trundle or truckle beds). Take a look at some of the children's furniture designs in 1997. Children's needs have become an entire industry in the nineteenth century.

In the Greenbelt Museum, the children's bed is a single (also called twin) bed. It is low to the ground, and has a headboard and a foot panel. There is nothing about it that is especially childlike. It was probably meant to be used until the child left home or married. Ann Neville, a former resident of Greenbelt relates her bed story: "It was terrible! My Grandparents were taking care of me, and I just had a crib until I went to kindergarten and found out all the other kids had beds! I complained and grouched and made their lives miserable until I got a bed. It was a regular full-size single bed. It had an oak finish frame, and I had it until I grew up and left home."

In a home furnishings book from 1935, there is a short segment on children's rooms. It says that the furniture should be comfortable for the child in size. The author mentions a type of furniture that has "collapsible legs that can easily be lengthened as the child grows." (Rutt, 211.) In the Better Homes Manual of 1931, it is suggested that there be different types of beds in the girls room and the boys room. In the girls room the single bed can be made of natural hardwood or light painted wood or metal. In the boys room, the bed single bed was in dark wood, dull finish, or dark painted finish. (Halbert, 443.)

How were beds decorated? Beds have been through trends of simplicity to elaborate ornamentation over the centuries. In a 1937 interior decorating manual, it says that the headboards and footboards are not as decorated. "Many decorators in certain cases omit them entirely" and instead, decorate the bed with a pretty bedspread and pillows. (Whiton, 674.) The bed in the museum is fairly plain in its design. The headboard is one rectangular solid piece of wood, and the footboard is cross-patterned.

Superior quality bedroom furniture, beds and accessories for the discerning shopper direct from the bedland factory at discount prices.